Crude oil can be processed and rened into a wide array of 

petroleum products. It has powered the world economy, is used 

for a variety of purposes, and is the most consumed energy source 

in the world today.

Products rened, produced, or derived from crude oil are: (i) 

combustible fuels that are used as main energy sources, such as 

gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, and liqueed petroleum gas; 

(ii) high-molecular-weight polyethylene, a crucial pillar of the 

modern materials industry, and the vast majority of raw materials 

for industrial organic chemicals; (iii) a wide range of lubricant 

and ancillary materials extensively used in metal processing and 

machineries; and (iv) nitrogen fertilizers and other industrial 

chemicals used in agriculture. Other than being used as fuel, 

petroleum products are also widely applicable in the construction 

and building material industries, light industry and the textile 

industry. It plays vital roles in future development of novel 

materials, technique, and product invention.

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