Copper cathode is mainly produced by two types of processes: pyrometallurgical

(flash smelting) and hydrometallurgical. The pyrometallurgical method mainly

involves melting and electrorefining. As such, the resulting refined copper is also

called electrolytic copper. This method is generally suitable to high-grade copper

sulfide ore, and accounts for 85% of the world’s copper cathode production. The

hydrometallurgical route is suitable for lower-grade ores (i.e., ores with complex

compositions) and oxide ores, and is a comparatively cheaper process.

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